Fueling & Injection

Handling 95 vs 98 RON, winter/summer diesel, biodiesel blends.

Common-rail diesel injectors deliver precisely metered fuel at extreme pressures. The ECU controls injection timing, duration and multiple events per cycle.

Why modern diesels use multiple injection events per cycle, timing effects on noise and emissions.

Detailed view of rail pressure target maps, security caps, ramp behavior and pump protection in common-rail diesel systems.

Gasoline fuel injection controls fuel delivery via port or direct injectors. The ECU calculates pulse width based on air mass, target lambda and corrections.

The smoke limiter prevents excessive black smoke by limiting injection quantity relative to available air mass. Critical for emissions and DPF health.

Post injection delivers fuel after the main combustion event to support DPF regeneration and reduce hydrocarbon emissions during warm-up.

How efficiency maps are used internally by ECUs and what they imply for tuning. Understanding BSFC and thermal efficiency.

Pilot injection delivers a small fuel quantity before the main injection to reduce combustion noise and improve cold start behavior in diesel engines.

Start of Injection timing determines when fuel enters the combustion chamber. SOI directly affects power output, emissions, noise and engine stress.

Injection Quantity (IQ) defines how much fuel the ECU delivers per cycle. IQ bridges torque model, rail pressure and timing — critical for performance and emissions.

Common-rail pressure control ensures precise fuel atomization and engine efficiency. EDC17/MG1 ECUs use multi-loop control to regulate pressure based on torque demand.