📘 ECU Knowledge Base
Comprehensive technical documentation on ECU systems, torque models, emissions logic, sensors, maps and safe calibration procedures.
Emissions Strategy Overview (DPF / EGR / SCR)
Big picture view of how DPF, EGR, SCR, and catalyst systems cooperate for emissions compliance.
Engine Efficiency Maps and BSFC Basics
How efficiency maps are used internally by ECUs and what they imply for tuning. Understanding BSFC and thermal efficiency.
Evap System and Fuel Tank Venting (Gasoline)
Basic overview of EVAP logic, purge strategies and tuning implications for gasoline vehicles.
Fuel Injection (Gasoline)
Gasoline fuel injection controls fuel delivery via port or direct injectors. The ECU calculates pulse width based on air mass, target lambda and corrections.
Gearbox and Clutch Protection Limits
How torque is capped per gear, clutch capacity, and AT/DSG protection strategies.
Glow Plug Control
Glow plug control manages pre-heating and post-heating cycles to ensure reliable cold starts and reduce white smoke emissions in diesel engines.
How Modern ECUs Work
High-level overview of ECU architecture, inputs/outputs, control loops and real-time constraints in modern engine management systems.
Idle Control
Idle control maintains stable engine speed at rest by regulating airflow, ignition timing and fuel delivery. Critical for smooth operation and emissions.
Idle Control and Torque Reserve
How idle torque is controlled, reserved, and stabilized under varying loads. Understanding the idle speed control system.
Ignition Timing
Ignition timing determines when the spark plug fires relative to piston position. Optimal timing maximizes power while avoiding knock and excessive emissions.
Injection Quantity Logic
Injection Quantity (IQ) defines how much fuel the ECU delivers per cycle. IQ bridges torque model, rail pressure and timing — critical for performance and emissions.
Injectors (Diesel)
Common-rail diesel injectors deliver precisely metered fuel at extreme pressures. The ECU controls injection timing, duration and multiple events per cycle.
Intercooler and Charge Air Temperature Effects
How charge air temperature influences air density, knock tendency, smoke behavior, and protection strategies in turbocharged engines.
Knock Control
Knock control is a core safety strategy in gasoline ECUs. The system detects abnormal combustion and adjusts ignition timing to protect the engine.
Lambda Control
Lambda control regulates air-fuel ratio using oxygen sensor feedback. Precise AFR management is essential for emissions, catalyst efficiency and engine protection.
Limp Mode / Safe Mode
Limp mode is an ECU protection state that limits power when critical faults are detected. Allows the vehicle to be driven to safety at reduced performance.
Limp Mode Triggers and Recovery Conditions
What sends the ECU into limp mode and how it recovers.
MAF Sensor
The Mass Air Flow sensor measures intake air mass for precise fuel and boost calculations. Critical input for torque model and smoke limiter.
MAP Sensor
The Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor measures intake pressure for load calculation and boost control. Essential for turbocharged engine management.
Multiple Injections: Pilot, Main, Post
Why modern diesels use multiple injection events per cycle, timing effects on noise and emissions.
NOx Sensors and Their Role in Control
How upstream and downstream NOx sensors feed the emissions control loop.
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